- Single-family home
- Property with a one- or two-dwelling house for permanent residence. Forms the basis of SCB FASTPI. Owned directly (unlike a co-op apartment) and subject to the property fee.
- Co-op apartment (bostadsrätt)
- Right to use an apartment in a housing cooperative. Not owned as real estate but as a share in the cooperative. Traded via brokers and not in the title deed register — statistics are based on Swedish broker statistics.
- Holiday home
- Property not used as a permanent residence. Reported separately by SCB. Prices partly follow other drivers (tourism, remote work) than permanent dwellings.
- Price index
- Statistical measure of price change over time for a comparable 'basket'. FASTPI and HOX are quality-adjusted — they measure the price change for a standard dwelling, not the average sales price.
- Real price
- Nominal price deflated by a price index (usually CPIF). Shows price change in purchasing power rather than SEK. Real prices are a more fair measure when comparing over longer time periods.
- Nominal price
- Price expressed in current SEK, without adjustment for general price development. Reflects the amount actually paid at the transaction. Can be misleading in comparisons over time with high inflation.
- CPI (Consumer Price Index)
- SCB's official measure of household price change. Used for price comparisons and as the base for many contracts. Includes housing costs with an interest component — which makes it procyclical when rates change.
- CPIF
- CPI with fixed mortgage rate — the deflator used by the Riksbank for its inflation target (2 %). Neutralises the direct effect of rate changes and is used when deflating housing prices.
- Mortgage rate
- Interest on loans secured by property. Published by SCB and the Financial Supervisory Authority. The majority of Swedish mortgages have variable or short fixed periods (< 3 years), giving fast transmission from policy rate to household costs.
- Loan-to-value (LTV)
- Debt in relation to the property's market value. The mortgage cap of 85 % (FFFS 2016:16) limits bank lending. Average LTV for new mortgages is about 65 % (FI Mortgage Report).
- Amortisation
- Periodic repayment of the loan's principal. The 2016 and 2018 amortisation requirements demand minimum 1–3 % annual amortisation at high LTV or high debt-to-income ratios. The rules dampen price development.
- Supply
- Number of dwellings for sale or under production. Affected by housing starts, planning processes and existing stock. Long lead times make supply slow to respond relative to demand.
- Demand
- Buyers' willingness and ability to purchase housing. Driven by incomes, rates, population growth, credit rules and expectations. Demand is rate-sensitive — especially with variable mortgages.
- Housing starts
- New construction begun in a year. Boverket and SCB report the number of dwellings by type (houses, apartments, rental/co-op). Distinct from 'started projects' and 'completed dwellings', which have different measurement points.
- Housing stock
- Total number of dwellings existing at a measurement date. SCB's register-based housing stock is the public reference. A strong imbalance between stock and population growth drives long-term housing shortage.
- Affordability (purchasing power)
- What the household can actually afford from its income after tax and housing cost. For the housing market, the ratio between disposable income and housing cost matters more than absolute price levels.
